The soils consisted of a clayey silt fill material overlying a dense native till. The fill depths varied from 0 to over 10m across the site.

Prior to the ground improvement works, the area was stripped of topsoil and deleterious material and cut down to the approximate underside of footing elevations. Due to the site’s slope, several working platform elevations were established.

In order to bridge the loading from the footings to the dense native soils, Controlled Modulus Columns were selected as the preferred ground improvement method. The CMCs were installed such that the differential settlement between those footings established on native till and those in the zones of deeper fill was limited.

Over 2000 CMCs were installed to support the spread footings, strip footings, mat footings, elevator pads, and tower crane bases. The performance of the CMCs was verified using Static Load Testing.